化工企业冬季安全生产须知——防冻凝篇
<link href="https://m2cdn.fastindexs.com/npmanager/static/lib/ckeditor5/preview.css?v=1.3.053" rel="stylesheet" /><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-size:20px;"> </span><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;">冬季低温条件下，化工企业管道阀门易堵塞、冻裂，可能导致物料泄漏，从而引发中毒、火灾、爆炸事故。冻凝是化工企业冬季面临的一大风险，做好防冻防凝工作对保障生产装置平稳运行至关重要。</span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><strong>一、冬季化工企业冻凝原因分析</strong></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;visibility:visible;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong> </strong>化工企业冬季冻凝事故的发生，本质是低温环境下物料的物理特性变化、设备设施防护缺陷、操作管理疏漏共同作用的结果，具体如下：</span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9);font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;display:inline !important;float:none;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;letter-spacing:0.544px;orphans:2;text-align:justify;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;"><strong>（一）物料自身的低温特性</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;visibility:visible;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 冬季环境温度低于介质凝点时，会引发一系列物理变化。如：含水介质结冰体积膨胀，直接撑裂管道、阀门阀芯或设备腔体；黏稠介质低温下黏度骤增，流动性急剧下降，逐渐沉积堵塞管道、泵体入口或换热器列管；液化气、液态烃等介质遇低温易发生过冷液化或相变，导致管道内压力异常波动，加剧密封件失效或局部冻堵；还有一些物料在低温时容易结晶，而堵塞管道。以上物理变化，极易导致管道、阀门冻裂，进而引发事故。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9);font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;box-sizing:border-box !important;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0.544px;margin:0px;max-width:100%;orphans:2;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-align:justify;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;visibility:visible;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong>（二）设备设施防护体系失效</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;visibility:visible;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong> 1.</strong></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;visibility:visible;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong>保温伴热系统故障</strong></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;visibility:visible;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong>。</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;visibility:visible;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 保温层破损、脱落；伴热管线布置不合理（如盲端过多、伴热点覆盖不全），导致局部冻凝。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;visibility:visible;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong> 2.设备结构与材质缺陷。</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;visibility:visible;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 管道、阀门存在死角，介质停滞易冻凝；设备材质耐低温性能不足，低温下强度下降引发泄漏或破裂。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;visibility:visible;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;visibility:visible;"> 3.排水排凝系统不完善。</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;visibility:visible;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 设备、管道低点未设置排凝阀或排凝阀堵塞，异常停工后残留介质无法彻底排空，低温下冻凝；蒸汽管线、伴热管线疏水不畅，影响伴热效果。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;"> 4.排放泄压系统憋压有毒气体倒串。</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 尾气排放系统、泄压系统、吸收系统因低温致管线内残液凝聚堵塞，引起尾气排放不畅或造成憋压，导致有毒气体倒串至设备中引发泄漏；或因吸收液冻凝造成吸收失效，致有毒气排进大气。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;"> 5.仪表风结冰致控制阀不动作。</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 仪表风多为气动调节供气，提供动力源，当仪表风存在带水情况，环境温度低于仪表风露点后，水分析出极易结冰造成冻堵，尤其是进入仪表阀门的分支气源（多为8mm导压管），一旦出现结冰冻堵的情况，该阀门将无法控制，甚至直接引发事故。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong>（三）操作管理环节的疏漏</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;letter-spacing:1.5px;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;"> 1.</strong></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;letter-spacing:1.5px;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;">日常巡检与维护不到位。</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 巡检频次不足或重点部位覆盖不全，未及时发现保温破损、伴热异常或初期冻堵迹象。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;letter-spacing:1.5px;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;"> 2</strong></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;letter-spacing:1.5px;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;">.操作规程执行不严格。</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 停工检修时未按规程排空、置换、吹扫管道设备，开车初期介质流速过快，导致局部降温。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;letter-spacing:1.5px;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;"> 3</strong></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;letter-spacing:1.5px;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;">.人员风险认知与技能不足。</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 员工未接受系统的冬季防冻培训，对不同介质的冻凝特性、防冻要点掌握不足，遇初期冻堵时处置不当。</span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;"> </p><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box !important;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:"PingFang SC", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0.544px;margin:0px 0px 24px;max-width:100%;orphans:2;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-align:justify;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;" data-pm-slice="2 2 []"><p style="line-height:3;margin-left:0px;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong>二、冬季防冻凝六项措施</strong></span></span></p><p style="line-height:3;margin-left:0px;"><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;" leaf="" textstyle=""><strong> </strong></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;" leaf="" textstyle="">化工企业常见的防冻凝方法有排空、保温、伴热、循环等方法，具体应结合往年防冻过程中出现的问题，采取相应措施。</span></span></p><figure class="image"><img src="https://omo-oss-image.thefastimg.com/portal-saas/pg2025102117473232840/cms/image/d2e8af2f-e3a3-4f0a-b01d-e9d1b03dac1e.png"></figure><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box !important;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family:"PingFang SC", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0.544px;margin:0px 0px 24px;max-width:100%;orphans:2;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-align:justify;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;"><hr><p><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle="">声明：</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 1. 本文内容转载自中国化学品安全协会官方微信公众号，版权归原作者及原平台所有。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:仿宋_GB2312, FangSong_GB2312;font-size:20px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing:border-box !important;font-weight:normal;margin:0px;max-width:100%;outline:0px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;padding:0px;text-indent:2em;" leaf="" textstyle=""> 2. 本平台对转载、分享、陈述、观点保持中立，目的仅在于传递更多信息。如涉及内容版权或使用问题，请及时联系我们，感谢支持！</span></span></p></section></section>